---
title: Mia says hot-iron trials are so mid. What replaced them? — Rules, courts, police, taxes and armie… · tree and pragmatics
description: Mia says hot-iron trials are so mid. What replaced them? Test 1 of lesson 68 «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia says hot-iron trials are so mid. What replaced them?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Mia, hot iron trials · **What happens:** say, be, replace · **To what, where:** trials · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 68 «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mia says hot-iron trials are so mid.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t1:1
# text = Mia says hot-iron trials are so mid.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	trials	trial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	mid	mid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Mia |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | hot iron trials |  |  |  |  | mid *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What replaced them?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t1:2
# text = What replaced them?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	replaced	replace	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | past |  | trials *= trial* |  |  |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Witnesses and juries, which were fairer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t1:o1:1
# text = Witnesses and juries, which were fairer
1	Witnesses	witness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	juries	jury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	fairer	fair	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Witnesses and juries |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fighting dragons to prove you were innocent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t1:o2:1
# text = Fighting dragons to prove you were innocent
1	Fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	dragons	dragon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | gerund |  | dragons |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dragon=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **prove** | to-infinitive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | Fighting |  |  |  |  | innocent *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tossing a coin to decide who was guilty

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t1:o3:1
# text = Tossing a coin to decide who was guilty
1	Tossing	toss	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	decide	decide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **toss** | gerund |  | a coin |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Patient |
| 2 | **decide** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, they still happen in Britain today

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t1:o4:1
# text = Nothing, they still happen in Britain today
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	happen	happen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Nothing |  |  | Britain | still; today |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in britain=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Who decides: kings, councils, republic…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/e4/)
- next →: [Rules, courts, police, taxes and armie…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/t2/)
- ↑ back to [Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/)