---
title: Josh's dad grumbles about income tax; Grandad says it was meant to b… — Rules, courts, police, taxes and armie… · tree and pragmatics
description: Josh's dad grumbles about income tax; Grandad says it was meant to be temporary. True? Test 6 of lesson 68 «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice 
---

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# Test 6 · Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Josh's dad grumbles about income tax; Grandad says it was meant to be temporary. True?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** dad, Grandad · **What happens:** grumble, say, mean, be · **To what, where:** income tax, tax · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 of lesson 68 «Rules, courts, police, taxes and armies through time» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Josh's dad grumbles about income tax; Grandad says it was meant to be temporary.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t6:1
# text = Josh's dad grumbles about income tax; Grandad says it was meant to be temporary.
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grumbles	grumble	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	income	income	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	meant	mean	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	ccomp	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
16	temporary	temporary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grumble** *speech: other* | present | Josh's dad | income tax |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **mean** | past · passive |  | tax |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 4 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | temporary *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* True?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t6:2
# text = True?
1	True	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, it began in 1799 for war and stayed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t6:o1:1
# text = Yes, it began in 1799 for war and stayed
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1799	1799	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | it |  |  | 1799 |  | for war | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stay** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, it only started in 2020

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t6:o2:1
# text = No, it only started in 2020
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	2020	2020	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | it |  |  | 2020 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, it's as old as the pyramids of Egypt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t6:o3:1
# text = No, it's as old as the pyramids of Egypt
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pyramids	pyramid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | as the pyramids of Egypt; old *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, and it was ended for good in 1800

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:68-rules-courts-police-taxes-and-armies-through-time:t6:o4:1
# text = Yes, and it was ended for good in 1800
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	ended	ended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	1800	1800	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | it |  |  | 1800 |  | for good; ended *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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