---
title: Josh has loads of Messi, Leo loads of Ronaldo. What happens if they… — Trade: why people swap, and the great… · tree and pragmatics
description: Josh has loads of Messi, Leo loads of Ronaldo. What happens if they swap? Test 8 of lesson 70 «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 8 · Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Josh has loads of Messi, Leo loads of Ronaldo. What happens if they swap?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Josh, loads · **What happens:** have, happen, swap · **To what, where:** loads

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 70 «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Josh has loads of Messi, Leo loads of Ronaldo.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes:t8:1
# text = Josh has loads of Messi, Leo loads of Ronaldo.
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	loads	load	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Messi	Messi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	Leo	Leo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	loads	load	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Ronaldo	Ronaldo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Josh | loads of Messi and Leo loads of Ronaldo |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What happens if they swap?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes:t8:2
# text = What happens if they swap?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	swap	swap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **swap** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | loads *= load* |  |  |  |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both always lose

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes:t8:o1:1
# text = Both always lose
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	0	root	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present |  |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only Josh wins

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes:t8:o2:1
# text = Only Josh wins
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Josh	Josh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wins	win	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | present | Josh |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both can end up happier

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes:t8:o3:1
# text = Both can end up happier
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	happier	happy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end up** | can | Both |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only Leo wins

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes:t8:o4:1
# text = Only Leo wins
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Leo	Leo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wins	win	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | present | Leo |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Trade: why people swap, and the great…, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/t7/)
- next →: [Trade: why people swap, and the great…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/t9/)
- ↑ back to [Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/70-trade-why-people-swap-and-the-great-trade-routes/)