---
title: Luca leans over the fence: "Nah nonna, Italians always had tomatoes,… — What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor… · tree and pragmatics
description: Luca leans over the fence: "Nah nonna, Italians always had tomatoes, that's just facts." ("Nonna" means grandma in Italian.) What does nonna know? Test 1 of lesson 71 «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the d
---

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# Test 1 · What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religion…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Luca leans over the fence: "Nah nonna, Italians always had tomatoes, that's just facts." ("Nonna" means grandma in Italian.) What does nonna know?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Luca, that, Nonna · **What happens:** lean, have, be, mean, know · **To what, where:** fence, tomatoes, facts, grandma

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 71 «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Luca leans over the fence: "Nah nonna, Italians always had tomatoes, that's just facts."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t1:1
# text = Luca leans over the fence: "Nah nonna, Italians always had tomatoes, that's just facts."
1	Luca	Luca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leans	lean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	_
9	nonna	nonna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Italians	Italian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	13	advmod	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
14	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	just	just	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | present | Luca |  |  | the fence |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | past | Luca *not said here* | tomatoes |  |  |  | always *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tomato=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | that | facts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Nonna" means grandma in Italian.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t1:2
# text = ("Nonna" means grandma in Italian.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Nonna	Nonna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Italian	Italian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Nonna | grandma |  |  |  | in Italian | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot grandma=Theme in italian=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What does nonna know?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t1:3
# text = What does nonna know?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	nonna	nonna	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	4	dep	_	_
4	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tomatoes were invented in a laboratory in Naples in 1950

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t1:o1:1
# text = Tomatoes were invented in a laboratory in Naples in 1950
1	Tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	laboratory	laboratory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Naples	Naples	PROPN	NNP	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	1950	1950	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | Tomatoes |  | a laboratory in Naples |  | in 1950 | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tomatoes came to Italy from China, brought back by Marco Polo in 1295

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t1:o2:1
# text = Tomatoes came to Italy from China, brought back by Marco Polo in 1295
1	Tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Marco	Marco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Polo	Polo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1295	1295	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Tomatoes |  | Italy | China |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to italy=Initial\_Location from china=Destination |
| 2 | **bring back** | past | Tomatoes *not said here* |  |  | 1295 |  | by Marco Polo | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tomatoes came from the Americas and reached Italy only in the 1500s

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t1:o3:1
# text = Tomatoes came from the Americas and reached Italy only in the 1500s
1	Tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	1500s	1500	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Tomatoes |  |  | the Americas |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from americas=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **reach** | past | Tomatoes *not said here* | Italy |  | the 1500s |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent italy=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Luca is right: the Romans already ate tomato pizza every day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t1:o4:1
# text = Luca is right: the Romans already ate tomato pizza every day
1	Luca	Luca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	already	already	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	tomato	tomato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Luca |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | past | the Romans | tomato pizza |  |  | day |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pizza=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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