---
title: Jack's teacher says, "Sugar has a sad history." Jack: "How can sweet… — What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, hor… · tree and pragmatics
description: Jack's teacher says, "Sugar has a sad history." Jack: "How can sweets be sad, innit?" What does she mean? Test 8 of lesson 71 «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the ques
---

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# Test 8 · What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religion…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jack's teacher says, "Sugar has a sad history." Jack: "How can sweets be sad, innit?" What does she mean?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** teacher, Sugar, sweets, Jack · **What happens:** say, have, be, innit, mean · **To what, where:** sad history · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 71 «What trade carried: tomatoes, tea, horses, words, religions and diseases» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Jack's teacher says, "Sugar has a sad history."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t8:1
# text = Jack's teacher says, "Sugar has a sad history."
1	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Jack's teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | Sugar | a sad history |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent history=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Jack: "How can sweets be sad, innit?"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t8:2
# text = Jack: "How can sweets be sad, innit?"
1	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
10	innit	innit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | can | sweets |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **innit** *in a quote* | infinitive | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What does she mean?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t8:3
# text = What does she mean?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present · do-support | Jack |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar was always free for everyone, so farmers were poor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t8:o1:1
# text = Sugar was always free for everyone, so farmers were poor
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Sugar |  |  |  |  | for everyone; always, free *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | farmers |  |  |  |  | poor *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar was only grown by kings, who kept it all for themselves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t8:o2:1
# text = Sugar was only grown by kings, who kept it all for themselves
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past · passive | kings | Sugar |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | past | kings | Sugar |  |  |  | for kings *= king* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar makes people cry when they eat too much of it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t8:o3:1
# text = Sugar makes people cry when they eat too much of it
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Sugar | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **eat** | present | people | much of Sugar |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sugar was grown on plantations worked by enslaved Africans

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:71-what-trade-carried-tomatoes-tea-horses-words-and-diseases:t8:o4:1
# text = Sugar was grown on plantations worked by enslaved Africans
1	Sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	worked	work	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	enslaved	enslave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	Africans	African	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past · passive |  | Sugar |  | plantations |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **work** | participle |  | plantations *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **enslave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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