---
title: Identify the principal consequence of the investigation undertaken b… — Cities: why they grow, and how water a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal consequence of the investigation undertaken by John Snow in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-four. Exam question 1 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and prag
---

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# Exam question 1 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal consequence of the investigation undertaken by John Snow in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-four.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, investigation · **What happens:** identify, undertake · **To what, where:** principal consequence, eighteen hundred

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal consequence of the investigation undertaken by John Snow in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-four.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	investigation	investigation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	undertaken	undertake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl:agent	_	_
11	Snow	Snow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	compound	_	_
16	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal consequence of the investigation |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent consequence=Theme |
| 2 | **undertake** | participle | the investigation *not said here* | eighteen hundred |  |  | year |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It led to the abolition of all public water pumps in Europe

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:e1:o1:1
# text = It led to the abolition of all public water pumps in Europe
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	abolition	abolition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	pumps	pump	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **pump** | present |  |  |  | Europe |  | to the abolition of all public water | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in europe=Destination |
| 3 | **abolish** |  |  | all public water |  |  |  |  | nom abolition «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It established that cholera is transmitted by foul air rising from the river

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:e1:o2:1
# text = It established that cholera is transmitted by foul air rising from the river
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	established	establish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	cholera	cholera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	transmitted	transmit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	foul	foul	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **transmit** | present · passive | foul air | cholera |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 3 | **rise** | gerund | foul air *not said here* |  |  | the river |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from river=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It assisted in demonstrating that contaminated water transmits cholera

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:e1:o3:1
# text = It assisted in demonstrating that contaminated water transmits cholera
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	assisted	assist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	contaminated	contaminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	transmits	transmit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
9	cholera	cholera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assist** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **demonstrate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic |
| 3 | **contaminate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **transmit** | present | contaminated water | cholera |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cholera=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It resulted in the construction of the first flush toilet

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:e1:o4:1
# text = It resulted in the construction of the first flush toilet
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	resulted	result	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
9	flush	flush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | past | It |  |  | the construction of the first flush toilet |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in construction=Location |
| 2 | **construct** |  |  | the first flush toilet |  |  |  |  | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- next →: [Cities: why they grow, and how water a…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/)