---
title: Aroha's Kiwi dad: "Yeah nah, most folks in cities is pretty recent,… — Cities: why they grow, and how water a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Aroha's Kiwi dad: "Yeah nah, most folks in cities is pretty recent, eh." ("Yeah nah" means no.) Is he right? Test 2 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Test 2 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aroha's Kiwi dad: "Yeah nah, most folks in cities is pretty recent, eh." ("Yeah nah" means no.) Is he right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Kiwi dad, Aroha · **What happens:** be, mean · **To what, where:** no. · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Aroha's Kiwi dad: "Yeah nah, most folks in cities is pretty recent, eh."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t2:1
# text = Aroha's Kiwi dad: "Yeah nah, most folks in cities is pretty recent, eh."
1	Aroha	Aroha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	Kiwi	Kiwi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	_
8	nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	amod	_	_
11	folks	folk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	pretty	pretty	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	eh	eh	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Aroha's Kiwi dad  most folks in cities |  |  |  |  | pretty, recent *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Yeah nah" means no.) Is he right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t2:2
# text = ("Yeah nah" means no.) Is he right?
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
4	nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	no.	no.	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
9	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  | no. |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent no.=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | Aroha |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nah, most people already lived in cities back in the Stone Age

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t2:o1:1
# text = Nah, most people already lived in cities back in the Stone Age
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	already	already	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Stone	Stone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Age	Age	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live back** | past | most people |  |  | cities | in the Stone Age |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, most people still live on farms even today

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t2:o2:1
# text = No, most people still live on farms even today
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	even	even	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | most people |  |  | farms | still; today |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on farm=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, it happened in Roman times

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t2:o3:1
# text = No, it happened in Roman times
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past | it |  |  |  | time |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, more than half of people lived in cities only from 2007

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t2:o4:1
# text = Yes, more than half of people lived in cities only from 2007
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	5	advmod	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	8	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	2007	2007	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | half of people |  |  | cities |  | from 2007 | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/)