---
title: Charlie's mate: "Flush loos are ancient, the Romans had 'em in every… — Cities: why they grow, and how water a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Charlie's mate: "Flush loos are ancient, the Romans had 'em in every house, no cap." What's more exact? Test 5 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Test 5 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charlie's mate: "Flush loos are ancient, the Romans had 'em in every house, no cap." What's more exact?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** mate, Romans · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** 'em, house

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Charlie's mate: "Flush loos are ancient, the Romans had 'em in every house, no cap."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t5:1
# text = Charlie's mate: "Flush loos are ancient, the Romans had 'em in every house, no cap."
1	Charlie	Charlie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Flush	flush	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	loos	loo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	'em	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	20	det	_	_
20	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Charlie's mate |  |  |  |  | ancient *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | past | the Romans | 'em *= they* |  | every house |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's more exact?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t5:2
# text = What's more exact?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
4	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | exact *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every single home on Earth has one today

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t5:o1:1
# text = Every single home on Earth has one today
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | every single home on Earth |  |  |  | today |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flush toilets were only invented in 2000

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t5:o2:1
# text = Flush toilets were only invented in 2000
1	Flush	flush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	toilets	toilet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	2000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | Flush toilets |  | 2000 |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An early flush toilet came in 1596, and they became common in homes only in the 1800s and 1900s

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t5:o3:1
# text = An early flush toilet came in 1596, and they became common in homes only in the 1800s and 1900s
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	flush	flush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1596	1596	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	only	only	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	1800s	1800	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	1900s	1900	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	18	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a early flush toilet |  |  | 1596 |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1596=Location |
| 2 | **become** | past | they |  |  |  |  | in the 1800s and 1900s *result*; common *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in 1800=Result |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your mate's right: every Roman house had its own flush toilet, and nothing changed until today

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t5:o4:1
# text = Your mate's right: every Roman house had its own flush toilet, and nothing changed until today
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
7	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
11	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	flush	flush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	17	nsubj	_	_
17	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	17	obl	_	_
19	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | every Roman house | house's own flush toilet |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toilet=Patient |
| 2 | **change** | past | nothing |  |  |  | today |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/)