---
title: On an Edinburgh ghost tour the guide yells "Gardyloo!" and says, "Ay… — Cities: why they grow, and how water a… · tree and pragmatics
description: On an Edinburgh ghost tour the guide yells "Gardyloo!" and says, "Aye, hen, folk chucked muck oot the windaes every night." ("Hen" means dear; "oot the windaes" means out of the windows.) What's the fair picture? Test 6 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of
---

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# Test 6 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On an Edinburgh ghost tour the guide yells "Gardyloo!" and says, "Aye, hen, folk chucked muck oot the windaes every night." ("Hen" means dear; "oot the windaes" means out of the windows.) What's the fair picture?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** guide, hen, oot, fair picture · **What happens:** yell, say, chuck, oot, mean, be · **To what, where:** Gardyloo, Edinburgh ghost tour, windows · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* On an Edinburgh ghost tour the guide yells "Gardyloo!" and says, "Aye, hen, folk chucked muck oot the windaes every night."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t6:1
# text = On an Edinburgh ghost tour the guide yells "Gardyloo!" and says, "Aye, hen, folk chucked muck oot the windaes every night."
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	Edinburgh	Edinburgh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
4	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tour	tour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	yells	yell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Gardyloo	gardyloo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Aye	aye	INTJ	UH	_	24	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	chucked	chuck	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
23	muck	muck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	oot	oot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	ccomp	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	windaes	windae	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
27	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	det	_	_
28	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **yell** *speech: express* | present | the guide | Gardyloo |  | a Edinburgh ghost tour |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gardyloo=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the guide *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **chuck** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **oot** *in a quote* |  | hen and folk |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Hen" means dear; "oot the windaes" means out of the windows.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t6:2
# text = ("Hen" means dear; "oot the windaes" means out of the windows.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Hen	Hen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	oot	oot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	windaes	windae	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Hen |  |  |  |  | dear *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | oot and the windaes |  |  | the windows |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What's the fair picture?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t6:3
# text = What's the fair picture?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the fair picture |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only the king was allowed to do it from his castle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t6:o1:1
# text = Only the king was allowed to do it from his castle
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **allow** | past · passive |  | the king |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the king *not said here* | it |  | king's castle |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It never happened; it's a story made up for ghost tours

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t6:o2:1
# text = It never happened; it's a story made up for ghost tours
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	tours	tour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **happen** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | it | a story |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make up** | participle |  | a story *not said here* |  |  |  | for ghost tours | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone did it all the time, and the town council said it was fine

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t6:o3:1
# text = Everyone did it all the time, and the town council said it was fine
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	expl	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | Everyone | it |  |  | time |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the town council |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It happened, but it was against the rules and people were fined

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe:t6:o4:1
# text = It happened, but it was against the rules and people were fined
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	fined	fine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | against the rules and people | tree rules |
| 3 | **fine** | past · passive |  | the rules and people |  |  |  |  | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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