---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Cities then and now: the biggest citie… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the designation «megacity»? Exam question 2 of lesson 74 «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and o…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the designation «megacity»?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** designation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 74 «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the designation «megacity»?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	designation	designation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	megacity	megacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the designation |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An urban area having a population in excess of ten million persons

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:e2:o1:1
# text = An urban area having a population in excess of ten million persons
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	excess	excess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	compound	_	_
11	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | a urban area *not said here* | a population |  | excess of million persons |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent population=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An urban area consisting solely of skyscrapers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:e2:o2:1
# text = An urban area consisting solely of skyscrapers
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	consisting	consist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	skyscrapers	skyscraper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | gerund | a urban area *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of skyscrapers; solely *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any urban area possessing a castle or a cathedral of great antiquity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:e2:o3:1
# text = Any urban area possessing a castle or a cathedral of great antiquity
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	possessing	possess	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	antiquity	antiquity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | gerund | any urban area *not said here* | a castle or a cathedral of great antiquity |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot castle=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An urban area constructed upon water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:e2:o4:1
# text = An urban area constructed upon water
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	constructed	construct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **construct** | participle |  | a urban area *not said here* |  |  |  | upon water | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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