---
title: Ade from Lagos: "Lagos dey grow sharp sharp, e be like say e no go s… — Cities then and now: the biggest citie… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ade from Lagos: "Lagos dey grow sharp sharp, e be like say e no go stop o!" ("Sharp sharp" means very fast, in Nigerian Pidgin.) What does this show? Test 4 of lesson 74 «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the depen
---

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# Test 4 · Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and o…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ade from Lagos: "Lagos dey grow sharp sharp, e be like say e no go stop o!" ("Sharp sharp" means very fast, in Nigerian Pidgin.) What does this show?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Ade, e, Sharp sharp, this · **What happens:** grow, be, say, go, stop, mean · **To what, where:** o, Nigerian · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 74 «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ade from Lagos: "Lagos dey grow sharp sharp, e be like say e no go stop o!"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:t4:1
# text = Ade from Lagos: "Lagos dey grow sharp sharp, e be like say e no go stop o!"
1	Ade	ade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dey	dey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
12	e	e	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
13	be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
14	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
16	e	email	NOUN	AFX	Number=Sing|Typo=Yes	18	nsubj	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	obj	_	_
18	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
19	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
20	o	o	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** *in a quote* | present | Ade from Lagos |  |  |  |  | sharp *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **be** *in a quote* | infinitive | Ade from Lagos *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: express* *in a quote* | present | Ade from Lagos *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **go** *in a quote* | present | e |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **stop** *in a quote* | infinitive | e *not said here* | o |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality o=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Sharp sharp" means very fast, in Nigerian Pidgin.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:t4:2
# text = ("Sharp sharp" means very fast, in Nigerian Pidgin.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Nigerian	Nigerian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
12	Pidgin	Pidgin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sharp sharp | Nigerian |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nigerian=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What does this show?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:t4:3
# text = What does this show?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · do-support | this |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Big cities are only in rich countries

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:t4:o1:1
# text = Big cities are only in rich countries
1	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Big cities |  |  | rich countries |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lagos stopped growing in 1900

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:t4:o2:1
# text = Lagos stopped growing in 1900
1	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	1900	1900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | Lagos |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | Lagos *not said here* |  |  | 1900 |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1900=Location |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some of the fastest growing cities are in Africa

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:t4:o3:1
# text = Some of the fastest growing cities are in Africa
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	fastest	fast	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
5	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Some |  |  | Africa |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lagos is getting smaller

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today:t4:o4:1
# text = Lagos is getting smaller
1	Lagos	Lagos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · progressive | Lagos |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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