---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the term «discovery» in resp… — When civilizations meet: conquest, col… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the term «discovery» in respect of the voyage of Columbus is subject to question. Exam question 1 of lesson 76 «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency t
---

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# Exam question 1 · When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, s…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the term «discovery» in respect of the voyage of Columbus is subject to question.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, term · **What happens:** identify, be, respect, voyage · **To what, where:** principal reason, voyage, Columbus

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 76 «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the term «discovery» in respect of the voyage of Columbus is subject to question.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	subject	subject	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the term in respect of the voyage of Columbus |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; to question; subject *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **respect** |  |  | the voyage of Columbus |  |  |  |  | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 4 | **voyage** |  |  | Columbus |  |  |  |  | nom voyage «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Americas had previously been settled by the Roman Empire

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e1:o1:1
# text = The Americas had previously been settled by the Roman Empire
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	settled	settle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Roman	Roman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **settle** | past · perfect · passive | the Roman Empire | the Americas |  |  |  | previously *property* | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme subject=Location |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Americas were already inhabited by many millions of persons

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e1:o2:1
# text = The Americas were already inhabited by many millions of persons
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	already	already	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	inhabited	inhabit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhabit** | past · passive | many millions of persons | the Americas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Columbus did not undertake any voyage across the Atlantic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e1:o3:1
# text = Columbus did not undertake any voyage across the Atlantic
1	Columbus	Columbus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	undertake	undertake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **undertake** | past · do-support | Columbus | any voyage |  | the Atlantic |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voyage=Eventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Americas were uninhabited until the twentieth century

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e1:o4:1
# text = The Americas were uninhabited until the twentieth century
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	uninhabited	uninhabited	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	until	until	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	twentieth	twentieth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the Americas |  |  |  | century | uninhabited *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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