---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — When civilizations meet: conquest, col… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conquest of the Aztec Empire? Exam question 2 of lesson 76 «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of th
---

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# Exam question 2 · When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, s…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conquest of the Aztec Empire?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** conquest

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 76 «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conquest of the Aztec Empire?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	conquest	conquest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Aztec	Aztec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the conquest of the Aztec Empire |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cortés prevailed solely by means of a few hundred Spanish soldiers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e2:o1:1
# text = Cortés prevailed solely by means of a few hundred Spanish soldiers
1	Cortés	Cortés	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prevailed	prevail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevail** | past | Cortés |  |  |  |  | solely *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of hundred Spanish soldiers | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Aztec Empire surrendered without any resistance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e2:o2:1
# text = The Aztec Empire surrendered without any resistance
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Aztec	Aztec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	surrendered	surrender	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	resistance	resistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surrender** | past | the Aztec Empire |  |  |  |  | without any resistance | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cortés relied upon numerous Indigenous allies, and smallpox gravely afflicted the Aztec capital

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e2:o3:1
# text = Cortés relied upon numerous Indigenous allies, and smallpox gravely afflicted the Aztec capital
1	Cortés	Cortés	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	relied	rely	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	allies	ally	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	smallpox	smallpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	gravely	gravely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Aztec	Aztec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rely** | past | Cortés |  |  |  |  | upon numerous Indigenous allies | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **afflict** | past | smallpox | the Aztec capital |  |  |  | gravely *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus capital=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The conquest was accomplished by a French army

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:e2:o4:1
# text = The conquest was accomplished by a French army
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	conquest	conquest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	accomplished	accomplish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accomplish** | past · passive | a French army | the conquest |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/e3/)
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