---
title: Yuki: "Japan was never a colony." Min-jun: "Yeah, but Japan had colo… — When civilizations meet: conquest, col… · tree and pragmatics
description: Yuki: "Japan was never a colony." Min-jun: "Yeah, but Japan had colonies, like Korea, ya know?" Who's right? Test 7 · ★★ of lesson 76 «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatic
---

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# Test 7 · ★★ · When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, s…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yuki: "Japan was never a colony." Min-jun: "Yeah, but Japan had colonies, like Korea, ya know?" Who's right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Yuki, Japan, ya · **What happens:** not be, have, know, be · **To what, where:** colony, colonies

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 76 «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Yuki: "Japan was never a colony."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:t7:1
# text = Yuki: "Japan was never a colony."
1	Yuki	Yuki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	colony	colony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** *in a quote* | past | Yuki | a colony |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Min-jun: "Yeah, but Japan had colonies, like Korea, ya know?"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:t7:2
# text = Min-jun: "Yeah, but Japan had colonies, like Korea, ya know?"
1	Min	min	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	jun	jun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	parataxis	_	_
11	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Korea	Korea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	ya	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | past | Japan | colonies |  |  |  | like Korea | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colony=Patient |
| 2 | **know** *in a quote* | present | ya |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Who's right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:t7:3
# text = Who's right?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither; Korea ruled Japan

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:t7:o1:1
# text = Neither; Korea ruled Japan
1	Neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Korea	Korea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | Korea | Japan |  |  |  | neither *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent japan=Result |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both: Japan avoided European rule and ruled Korea and Taiwan

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:t7:o2:1
# text = Both: Japan avoided European rule and ruled Korea and Taiwan
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	avoided	avoid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	Korea	Korea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Taiwan	Taiwan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | past | Japan | European rule |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent rule=Location |
| 2 | **rule** | past | Japan *not said here* | Korea and Taiwan |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent korea=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only Yuki: Japan never ruled anyone at all outside its own islands

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:t7:o3:1
# text = Only Yuki: Japan never ruled anyone at all outside its own islands
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	Yuki	Yuki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	all	all	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rule** | past | Yuki | anyone |  | its own islands |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent anyone=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only Min-jun; Japan was a British colony

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides:t7:o4:1
# text = Only Min-jun; Japan was a British colony
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	Min	Min	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	jun	jun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	colony	colony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Min jun | a British colony |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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