---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — What was lost and what was gained: lan… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the survival of books from Mexico and Central America produced prior to the Spanish conquest? Exam question 2 of lesson 77 «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primar
---

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# Exam question 2 · What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the survival of books from Mexico and Central America produced prior to the Spanish conquest?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** survival · **What happens:** follow, characteris, produce, survive · **To what, where:** books

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 77 «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the survival of books from Mexico and Central America produced prior to the Spanish conquest?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	_
17	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	produced	produce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
19	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	xcomp	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	conquest	conquest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **produce** | past | the survival of books from Mexico and Central America |  |  |  |  | to the Spanish conquest; prior *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **survive** |  |  | books from Mexico and Central America |  |  |  |  | nom survival «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fewer than twenty survive, many having been burned or lost

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:e2:o1:1
# text = Fewer than twenty survive, many having been burned or lost
1	Fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
2	than	than	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nsubj	_	_
4	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | present | twenty |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund · perfect · passive |  | many |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All survive in the British Museum

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:e2:o2:1
# text = All survive in the British Museum
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	British	British	PROPN	NNP	_	6	compound	_	_
6	Museum	Museum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | present |  |  |  | the British Museum |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in museum=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Several thousand survive intact in the libraries of Mexico City

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:e2:o3:1
# text = Several thousand survive intact in the libraries of Mexico City
1	Several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	_
3	survive	survive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	intact	intact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	libraries	library	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	City	City	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | present | Several thousand |  |  | the libraries of Mexico City |  | intact *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in library=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None were ever produced

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:e2:o4:1
# text = None were ever produced
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	produced	produce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | past · passive |  | None |  |  | ever |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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