---
title: Wiremu: "My nan went to kōhanga reo, a language nest. Te reo Māori w… — What was lost and what was gained: lan… · tree and pragmatics
description: Wiremu: "My nan went to kōhanga reo, a language nest. Te reo Māori was nearly lost, chur." ("Chur" means cheers, yeah, in NZ slang.) What does this show? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 77 «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school,
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/t1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [What was lost and what was gained: lan…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/) / t1

# Test 1 · ★ · What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wiremu: "My nan went to kōhanga reo, a language nest. Te reo Māori was nearly lost, chur." ("Chur" means cheers, yeah, in NZ slang.) What does this show?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Wiremu, Chur, this · **What happens:** go, lose, mean, show · **To what, where:** kōhanga reo, Māori, cheers

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 77 «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Wiremu: "My nan went to kōhanga reo, a language nest.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t1:1
# text = Wiremu: "My nan went to kōhanga reo, a language nest.
1	Wiremu	Wiremu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	nan	nan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	kōhanga	kōhanga	X	FW	_	9	compound	_	_
9	reo	reo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *in a quote* | past | Wiremu |  |  | kōhanga reo and a language nest |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to reo=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Te reo Māori was nearly lost, chur."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t1:2
# text = Te reo Māori was nearly lost, chur."
1	Te	te	X	GW	_	0	root	_	_
2	reo	reo	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	goeswith	_	_
3	Māori	Māori	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	chur	chur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past · passive |  | Māori |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* ("Chur" means cheers, yeah, in NZ slang.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t1:3
# text = ("Chur" means cheers, yeah, in NZ slang.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Chur	Chur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	cheers	cheer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	yeah	yeah	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	NZ	NZ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Chur | cheers |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cheer=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* What does this show?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t1:4
# text = What does this show?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · do-support | this |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A language that nearly died can come back

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t1:o1:1
# text = A language that nearly died can come back
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | a language |  |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **come back** | can | a language |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Māori was never in any danger at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t1:o2:1
# text = Māori was never in any danger at all
1	Māori	Māori	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | Māori |  |  | any danger |  | at all | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lost languages can never return once they start to fade

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t1:o3:1
# text = Lost languages can never return once they start to fade
1	Lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	once	once	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	fade	fade	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **return** | can | Lost languages |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **start** | present | languages *= language* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **fade** | to-infinitive | languages *= language* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Language nests are for birds only, chur

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t1:o4:1
# text = Language nests are for birds only, chur
1	Language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	chur	chur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Language nests |  |  |  |  | for birds and chur | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/e4/)
- next →: [What was lost and what was gained: lan…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/t2/)
- ↑ back to [What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/)