--- title: Oliver, whose family is from a former empire, asks Amara, whose fami… — What was lost and what was gained: lan… · tree and pragmatics description: Oliver, whose family is from a former empire, asks Amara, whose family is from a former colony: "Is it my fault?" Best answer? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 77 «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/t11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [What was lost and what was gained: lan…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/) / t11 # Test 11 · ★ · What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music… Oliver, whose family is from a former empire, asks Amara, whose family is from a former colony: "Is it my fault?" Best answer? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** family, Oliver · **What happens:** be, ask · **To what, where:** former empire, Amara, former colony, fault · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 77 «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/#t11). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Oliver, whose family is from a former empire, asks Amara, whose family is from a former colony: "Is it my fault?" ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t11:1 # text = Oliver, whose family is from a former empire, asks Amara, whose family is from a former colony: "Is it my fault?" 1 Oliver Oliver PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 3 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 former former ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 empire empire NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 11 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 Amara Amara PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 14 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 17 from from ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 former former ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 colony colony NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 21 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 22 " " PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 23 Is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 25 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 fault fault NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 27 ? ? PUNCT . _ 26 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 28 " " PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | a former empire's family | | | a former empire | | | tree rules | | 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | Oliver | | Amara | | | | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent amara=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **is** | present | a former colony's family | | | a former colony | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | family | my fault | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Best answer? ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t11:2 # text = Best answer? 1 Best good ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 2 amod _ _ 2 answer answer NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 3 ? ? PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} Yes, and Amara must blame him ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t11:o1:1 # text = Yes, and Amara must blame him 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 6 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 4 Amara Amara PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 5 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 6 blame blame VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **blame** | must | Amara | him *= he* | | | | | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} History has nothing to teach anyone ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t11:o2:1 # text = History has nothing to teach anyone 1 History history NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 2 obj _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 teach teach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 acl _ _ 6 anyone anyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | History | nothing | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | | 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | History *not said here* | nothing *not said here* | anyone | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent anyone=Recipient | ### Option 3 {#o3} Yes, it is entirely his fault ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t11:o3:1 # text = Yes, it is entirely his fault 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 7 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 entirely entirely ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 6 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 fault fault NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | it | his fault | | | | entirely *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} No; history helps us understand and treat each other fairly now ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t11:o4:1 # text = No; history helps us understand and treat each other fairly now 1 No no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 3 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 ; ; PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 history history NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ _ 6 understand understand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 xcomp _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 treat treat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 9 each each DET DT ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp 8 obj _ _ 10 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 fixed _ _ 11 fairly fairly ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 12 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 8 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **help** | present | history | us | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 2 | **understand** | infinitive | us *not said here* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **treat** | infinitive | us *not said here* | each | | | now | fairly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent each=Recipient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [What was lost and what was gained: lan…, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/t10/) - next →: [What was lost and what was gained: lan…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/t12/) - ↑ back to [What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/)