---
title: Lucía: "We're a mix of peoples, innit." Her mate from Haiti: "Same,… — What was lost and what was gained: lan… · tree and pragmatics
description: Lucía: "We're a mix of peoples, innit." Her mate from Haiti: "Same, we speak Kreyòl, sak pase!" ("Sak pase" means what's up, in Haitian Creole.) What's the big idea? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 77 «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's pri
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lucía: "We're a mix of peoples, innit." Her mate from Haiti: "Same, we speak Kreyòl, sak pase!" ("Sak pase" means what's up, in Haitian Creole.) What's the big idea?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Lucía, we, Sak pase, big idea · **What happens:** be, speak, mean up · **To what, where:** mix, Kreyòl · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 77 «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Lucía: "We're a mix of peoples, innit."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t3:1
# text = Lucía: "We're a mix of peoples, innit."
1	Lucía	Lucía	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mix	mix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	innit	innit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Lucía | a mix |  |  |  | of peoples and innit | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Her mate from Haiti: "Same, we speak Kreyòl, sak pase!"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t3:2
# text = Her mate from Haiti: "Same, we speak Kreyòl, sak pase!"
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Haiti	Haiti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
11	Kreyòl	Kreyòl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	sak	sak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	pase	pase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | we | Kreyòl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* ("Sak pase" means what's up, in Haitian Creole.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t3:3
# text = ("Sak pase" means what's up, in Haitian Creole.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Sak	Sak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pase	pase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	Haitian	haitian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Creole	Creole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean up** | present | Sak pase |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* What's the big idea?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t3:4
# text = What's the big idea?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the big idea |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mixing always destroys everything

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t3:o1:1
# text = Mixing always destroys everything
1	Mixing	mixing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	destroys	destroy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | present | Mixing | everything |  |  |  | always *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everything=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Meetings of peoples created new cultures and languages

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t3:o2:1
# text = Meetings of peoples created new cultures and languages
1	Meetings	meeting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	created	create	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cultures	culture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **create** | past | Meetings of peoples | new cultures and languages |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent culture=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Creole languages are just broken French with mistakes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t3:o3:1
# text = Creole languages are just broken French with mistakes
1	Creole	creole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · passive |  | Creole languages |  |  |  | with mistakes; french *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with mistake=Instrument |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every culture is pure and has never been mixed with any other

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained:t3:o4:1
# text = Every culture is pure and has never been mixed with any other
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	fixed	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | every culture |  |  |  |  | pure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **mix** | present · perfect · passive | every culture *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with any | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: with any=Co-Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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