---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Humanity today: how many we are, how l… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the low average life expectancy recorded in the year nineteen hundred? Exam question 2 of lesson 78 «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the depe
---

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# Exam question 2 · Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poo…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the low average life expectancy recorded in the year nineteen hundred?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** low average life expectancy · **What happens:** follow, characteris, record · **To what, where:** low average life expectancy, nineteen hundred

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 78 «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the low average life expectancy recorded in the year nineteen hundred?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
11	average	average	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	expectancy	expectancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
14	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	compound	_	_
19	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the low average life expectancy |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **record** | participle | the low average life expectancy *not said here* | nineteen hundred |  |  | year |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a clerical error of the census

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:e2:o1:1
# text = It was a clerical error of the census
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	clerical	clerical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	census	census	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a clerical error |  |  |  | of the census | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It resulted from all adults perishing at precisely thirty-two years of age

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:e2:o2:1
# text = It resulted from all adults perishing at precisely thirty-two years of age
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	resulted	result	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	perishing	perish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	precisely	precisely	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | past | It |  |  |  |  | from all adults | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **perish** | gerund | all adults *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It resulted principally from the high mortality of young children

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:e2:o3:1
# text = It resulted principally from the high mortality of young children
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	resulted	result	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	mortality	mortality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | past | It |  |  | the high mortality of young children |  | principally *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was higher than at present

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:e2:o4:1
# text = It was higher than at present
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | than present; high *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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