---
title: Hiroshi: "So many old people in Japan, it's mad!" His Nigerien penpa… — Humanity today: how many we are, how l… · tree and pragmatics
description: Hiroshi: "So many old people in Japan, it's mad!" His Nigerien penpal: "Here everyone's young!" What would happen to a country with many old and few young people? Test 7 of lesson 78 «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary sc
---

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# Test 7 · Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poo…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hiroshi: "So many old people in Japan, it's mad!" His Nigerien penpal: "Here everyone's young!" What would happen to a country with many old and few young people?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Hiroshi, Nigerien penpal · **What happens:** be, happen

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 78 «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Hiroshi: "So many old people in Japan, it's mad!"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:t7:1
# text = Hiroshi: "So many old people in Japan, it's mad!"
1	Hiroshi	Hiroshi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	So	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Hiroshi |  |  |  |  | mad *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* His Nigerien penpal: "Here everyone's young!"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:t7:2
# text = His Nigerien penpal: "Here everyone's young!"
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	Nigerien	Nigerien	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	penpal	penpal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Hiroshi's Nigerien penpal |  |  | here |  | young *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What would happen to a country with many old and few young people?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:t7:3
# text = What would happen to a country with many old and few young people?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | would |  |  |  |  |  | to a country; with many old young people | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing would ever change, the country would stay the same

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:t7:o1:1
# text = Nothing would ever change, the country would stay the same
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | would | Nothing |  |  |  | ever |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stay** | would | the country |  |  |  |  | same *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fewer workers would support more retired people

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:t7:o2:1
# text = Fewer workers would support more retired people
1	Fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	support	support	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	retired	retired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **support** | would | Fewer workers | retired people |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It would need more and more schools for all the children

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:t7:o3:1
# text = It would need more and more schools for all the children
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
7	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | would | It | more schools |  |  |  | for all children | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot school=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone in that country would slowly get younger

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich:t7:o4:1
# text = Everyone in that country would slowly get younger
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | would | Everyone |  |  |  |  | slowly, young *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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