---
title: Danylo: "Are there fewer wars now?" His dad: "It's complicated, synk… — Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, sp… · tree and pragmatics
description: Danylo: "Are there fewer wars now?" His dad: "It's complicated, synku." ("Synku" means son, in Ukrainian.) Why is it complicated? Test 5 · ★★ of lesson 79 «Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the world getting better?» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the depend
---

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# Test 5 · ★★ · Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Danylo: "Are there fewer wars now?" His dad: "It's complicated, synku." ("Synku" means son, in Ukrainian.) Why is it complicated?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Danylo, dad, Synku, it · **What happens:** be, mean · **To what, where:** son

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 79 «Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the world getting better?» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Danylo: "Are there fewer wars now?"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better:t5:1
# text = Danylo: "Are there fewer wars now?"
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
6	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Danylo |  |  |  | now | fewer wars *obl*; there *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* His dad: "It's complicated, synku."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better:t5:2
# text = His dad: "It's complicated, synku."
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	complicated	complicated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	synku	synku	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	7	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Danylo's dad |  |  |  |  | complicated *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* ("Synku" means son, in Ukrainian.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better:t5:3
# text = ("Synku" means son, in Ukrainian.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Synku	Synku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Synku | son |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* Why is it complicated?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better:t5:4
# text = Why is it complicated?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	complicated	complicated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | complicated *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody knows what a war is

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better:t5:o1:1
# text = Nobody knows what a war is
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	ccomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | Nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a war |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All wars ended in 1945

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better:t5:o2:1
# text = All wars ended in 1945
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	1945	1945	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | all wars |  |  | 1945 |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were never any wars before 1945

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better:t5:o3:1
# text = There were never any wars before 1945
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1945	1945	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | any wars |  |  | 1945; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before 1945=Location |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some measures show fewer war deaths after 1945, but recent years saw more fighting

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better:t5:o4:1
# text = Some measures show fewer war deaths after 1945, but recent years saw more fighting
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	measures	measure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
5	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	deaths	death	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1945	1945	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
15	fighting	fighting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | some measures | fewer war deaths |  |  | after 1945 |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent death=Recipient |
| 2 | **see** | past | recent years | more fighting |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fighting=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, sp…, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better/t6/)
- ↑ back to [Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the world getting better?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better/)