--- title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu… · tree and pragmatics description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Aryabhata? Exam question 3 of lesson 8 «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/e3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/) / [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/) / e3 # Exam question 3 · Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Aryabhata? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, contribute · **To what, where:** contribution, Aryabhata This is exam question 3 of lesson 8 «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/#e3). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers:e3:1 # text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the contribution of Aryabhata? 1 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 following follow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 5 amod _ _ 5 statements statement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 7 advmod _ _ 7 accurately accurately ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 characterises characteris VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 contribution contribution NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Aryabhata Aryabhata PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 ? ? PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **characteris** | present | | the contribution of Aryabhata | | | | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **contribute** | | | Aryabhata | | | | | nom contribution «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} He founded the Maurya Empire ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers:e3:o1:1 # text = He founded the Maurya Empire 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 founded found VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 Maurya Maurya PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 Empire Empire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **found** | past | He | the Maurya Empire | | | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent empire=Patient | ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} He maintained that the Earth rotates and computed pi with precision ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers:e3:o2:1 # text = He maintained that the Earth rotates and computed pi with precision 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 maintained maintain VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 that that SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 rotates rotate VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 computed compute VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 amod _ _ 9 pi pi NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 precision precision NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **maintain** | past | He | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **rotate** | present | the Earth | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **compute** | participle | | | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} He invented the game of chess ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers:e3:o3:1 # text = He invented the game of chess 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 invented invent VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 game game NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 chess chess NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **invent** | past | He | the game of chess | | | | | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Result | ### Option 4 {#o4} He conquered the land of Kalinga ```conllu # sent_id = question:history:8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers:e3:o4:1 # text = He conquered the land of Kalinga 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 conquered conquer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Kalinga Kalinga PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **conquer** | past | He | the land of Kalinga | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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