---
title: Identify the persons who, in England and Wales, adjudicate upon the… — Gaols, magistrates and old punishments… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the persons who, in England and Wales, adjudicate upon the lesser criminal cases. Exam question 1 of lesson 84 «Gaols, magistrates and old punishments: from the stocks to the Children Act of 1908» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Exam question 1 · Gaols, magistrates and old punishments: from the stocks to…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the persons who, in England and Wales, adjudicate upon the lesser criminal cases.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, adjudicate · **To what, where:** persons

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 84 «Gaols, magistrates and old punishments: from the stocks to the Children Act of 1908» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/84-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:84-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908:e1:1
# text = Identify the persons who, in England and Wales, adjudicate upon the lesser criminal cases.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	adjudicate	adjudicate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	lesser	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	amod	_	_
15	criminal	criminal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the persons |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 2 | **adjudicate** | present |  |  |  |  |  | upon the lesser criminal cases | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clergy of the parish church

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:84-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908:e1:o1:1
# text = The clergy of the parish church
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clergy	clergy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	parish	parish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judges of the highest court, sitting together with a jury of twelve citizens

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:84-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908:e1:o2:1
# text = Judges of the highest court, sitting together with a jury of twelve citizens
1	Judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | gerund | Judges of the highest court |  |  |  |  | with a jury of twelve citizens; together *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Officers of the police, acting upon their own authority

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:84-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908:e1:o3:1
# text = Officers of the police, acting upon their own authority
1	Officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	acting	act	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** | gerund | Officers of the police |  |  |  |  | upon Officers's own authority | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Magistrates, being ordinary local persons rather than trained lawyers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:84-gaols-magistrates-and-old-punishments-from-the-stocks-to-the-children-act-of-1908:e1:o4:1
# text = Magistrates, being ordinary local persons rather than trained lawyers
1	Magistrates	magistrate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
4	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
7	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	10	cc	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | gerund |  | ordinary local persons rather trained lawyers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **train** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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