---
title: Identify the principal purpose for which writing was first developed… — Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★ · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal purpose for which writing was first developed in Sumer. Exam question 1 of lesson 86 «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal purpose for which writing was first developed in Sumer.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, develop · **To what, where:** principal purpose, writing, Sumer

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 86 «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal purpose for which writing was first developed in Sumer.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	advmod	_	_
10	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Sumer	Sumer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal purpose |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent purpose=Theme |
| 2 | **develop** | past · passive |  | writing |  | Sumer |  | for the principal purpose; first *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Product for which=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sending of letters abroad

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains:e1:o1:1
# text = The sending of letters abroad
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sending	send	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	abroad	abroad	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of letters; abroad *property* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent of letter=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Records of goods and taxes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains:e1:o2:1
# text = Records of goods and taxes
1	Records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	nmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** |  |  | goods |  |  |  |  | nom record «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The composition of poetry

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains:e1:o3:1
# text = The composition of poetry
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	poetry	poetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The recording of games

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains:e1:o4:1
# text = The recording of games
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recording	recording	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/t12/)
- next →: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/)