---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Ancient China: dynasties, the First Em… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the doctrine designated the Mandate of Heaven? Exam question 3 of lesson 9 «Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the q
---

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# Exam question 3 · Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the doctrine designated the Mandate of Heaven?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** doctrine · **What happens:** follow, characteris, designate · **To what, where:** Mandate

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 9 «Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the doctrine designated the Mandate of Heaven?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	doctrine	doctrine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	designated	designate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Mandate	Mandate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **designate** | past | the doctrine | the Mandate of Heaven |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mandate=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every subject was obliged to become an official

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:e3:o1:1
# text = Every subject was obliged to become an official
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	official	official	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oblige** | past · passive |  | every subject |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 2 | **become** | to-infinitive |  | a official |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heaven conferred the right to rule upon a virtuous ruler and might withdraw it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:e3:o2:1
# text = Heaven conferred the right to rule upon a virtuous ruler and might withdraw it
1	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	conferred	confer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	rule	rule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	virtuous	virtuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	withdraw	withdraw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confer** | past | Heaven | the right |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | to-infinitive | Heaven *not said here* | the right *not said here* |  |  |  | upon a virtuous ruler | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **withdraw** | might | Heaven *not said here* | right |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The emperor was to be elected annually

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:e3:o3:1
# text = The emperor was to be elected annually
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	annually	annually	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **elect** | past · passive |  | the emperor |  |  |  | annually *property* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heaven forbade the construction of walls

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:e3:o4:1
# text = Heaven forbade the construction of walls
1	Heaven	Heaven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forbade	forbid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	construction	construction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | past | Heaven | the construction of walls |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer construction=Theme |
| 2 | **construct** |  |  | walls |  |  |  |  | nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Ancient China: dynasties, the First Em…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall/e2/)
- next →: [Ancient China: dynasties, the First Em…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great Wall](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall/)