---
title: A tour guide says the whole Great Wall was built by one emperor. Wha… — Ancient China: dynasties, the First Em… · tree and pragmatics
description: A tour guide says the whole Great Wall was built by one emperor. What is closer to the truth? Test 2 of lesson 9 «Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option
---

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# Test 2 · Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tour guide says the whole Great Wall was built by one emperor. What is closer to the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** tour guide, one emperor · **What happens:** say, build, be · **To what, where:** whole Great Wall · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 9 «Ancient China: dynasties, the First Emperor and the Great Wall» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A tour guide says the whole Great Wall was built by one emperor.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:t2:1
# text = A tour guide says the whole Great Wall was built by one emperor.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tour	tour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Wall	Wall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a tour guide |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **build** | past · passive | one emperor | the whole Great Wall |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is closer to the truth?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:t2:2
# text = What is closer to the truth?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the truth; close *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romans built most of it to help China

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:t2:o1:1
# text = The Romans built most of it to help China
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the Romans | most of it |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Product |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | the Romans *not said here* |  | China |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent china=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many walls were built over 2,000 years by many dynasties

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:t2:o2:1
# text = Many walls were built over 2,000 years by many dynasties
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	2,000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	dynasties	dynasty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive | many dynasties | Many walls |  |  | year |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was only built in the 1900s for tourists

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:t2:o3:1
# text = It was only built in the 1900s for tourists
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	1900s	1900	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tourists	tourist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive |  | It |  | the 1900s |  | for tourists | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Material for tourist=Beneficiary |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One emperor built the whole wall in a single year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:history:9-ancient-china-dynasties-the-first-emperor-and-the-great-wall:t2:o4:1
# text = One emperor built the whole wall in a single year
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | One emperor | the whole wall |  |  | year |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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