---
title: In respect of the alteration of a speaker's manner of speech accordi… — What language is: sounds, words and ru… · tree and pragmatics
description: In respect of the alteration of a speaker's manner of speech according to the person addressed, which statement is most accurate? Exam question 4 of lesson 1 «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and prag
---

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# Exam question 4 · What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In respect of the alteration of a speaker's manner of speech according to the person addressed, which statement is most accurate?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** accord, address, be, respect, alter · **To what, where:** person, respect, alteration, manner

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 1 «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:e4:1
# text = In respect of the alteration of a speaker's manner of speech according to the person addressed, which statement is most accurate?
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	alteration	alteration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	case	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
17	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
20	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	23	advmod	_	_
23	accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **address** | participle |  | the person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  | respect of the alteration of a speaker's manner of speech |  | accord the person; accurate *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **respect** |  |  | the alteration of a speaker's manner of speech |  |  |  |  | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **alter** |  |  | a speaker's manner of speech |  |  |  |  | nom alteration «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a recognised competence, termed the selection of register

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:e4:o1:1
# text = It constitutes a recognised competence, termed the selection of register
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	competence	competence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	termed	term	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	selection	selection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	register	register	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a recognised competence |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme competence=Pivot |
| 2 | **recognise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **term** | past |  | the selection of register |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent selection=Theme |
| 4 | **select** |  |  | register |  |  |  |  | nom selection «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes evidence of insincerity on the part of the speaker

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:e4:o2:1
# text = It constitutes evidence of insincerity on the part of the speaker
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	insincerity	insincerity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | evidence of insincerity |  | the part of the speaker |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme evidence=Pivot |
| 2 | **evidence** |  |  | insincerity |  |  |  |  | nom evidence «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a defect which formal instruction ought to eliminate

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:e4:o3:1
# text = It is a defect which formal instruction ought to eliminate
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
6	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	eliminate	eliminate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a defect |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eliminate** | ought | formal instruction | a defect |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is restricted to persons who speak more than one language

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:e4:o4:1
# text = It is restricted to persons who speak more than one language
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	restricted	restrict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	10	advmod	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **restrict** | present · passive |  | It | persons |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Patient to person=Goal |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | persons | one language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [What language is: sounds, words and ru…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/e3/)
- next →: [Nouns: the names of things, people, pl…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/2-nouns-names-of-things-people-places-ideas/t1/)
- ↑ back to [What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/)