---
title: Your cousin reckons "cat" is the real name and other languages just… — What language is: sounds, words and ru… · tree and pragmatics
description: Your cousin reckons "cat" is the real name and other languages just copy English. Is she right? Test 2 of lesson 1 «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Test 2 · What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your cousin reckons "cat" is the real name and other languages just copy English. Is she right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cousin, cat · **What happens:** reckon, be, copy · **To what, where:** real name, English

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 1 «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your cousin reckons "cat" is the real name and other languages just copy English.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:t2:1
# text = Your cousin reckons "cat" is the real name and other languages just copy English.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reckons	reckon	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	just	just	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	copy	copy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
16	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reckon** | present | Your cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | cat | the real name and other languages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **copy** | present | Your cousin *not said here* | English |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent english=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Is she right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:t2:2
# text = Is she right?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | cat |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, because cats understand English best of all the languages

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:t2:o1:1
# text = Yes, because cats understand English best of all the languages
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	understand	understand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	best	well	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | present | cats |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, the true name is the Latin one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:t2:o2:1
# text = No, the true name is the Latin one
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the true name | the Latin one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, because cats understand English best

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:t2:o3:1
# text = Yes, because cats understand English best
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	understand	understand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | present | cats | best |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, words are agreed by each language and none is the true name

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules:t2:o4:1
# text = No, words are agreed by each language and none is the true name
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	agreed	agree	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present · passive | each language and the true name | words |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | none | the true name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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