---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Slang and how it changes with every ge… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon of slang? Exam question 1 of lesson 17 «Slang and how it changes with every generation» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c
---

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# Exam question 1 · Slang and how it changes with every generation

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon of slang?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** phenomenon

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 17 «Slang and how it changes with every generation» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon of slang?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the phenomenon of slang |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vocabulary of fixed meaning which never alters over time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e1:o1:1
# text = Vocabulary of fixed meaning which never alters over time
1	Vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	alters	alter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **alter** | present | Vocabulary of fixed meaning |  |  |  | time |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The technical language of scientists and lawyers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e1:o2:1
# text = The technical language of scientists and lawyers
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	technical	technical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	lawyers	lawyer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informal vocabulary of a particular group or period, subject to rapid change

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e1:o3:1
# text = Informal vocabulary of a particular group or period, subject to rapid change
1	Informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vocabulary prohibited from use in every circumstance by schools and courts

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e1:o4:1
# text = Vocabulary prohibited from use in every circumstance by schools and courts
1	Vocabulary	Vocabulary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	circumstance	circumstance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	courts	court	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | past | Vocabulary |  |  | use |  | in every circumstance; by schools and courts | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from use=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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