---
title: Identify the principal reason for which slang terms are frequently a… — Slang and how it changes with every ge… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which slang terms are frequently abandoned by younger speakers. Exam question 2 of lesson 17 «Slang and how it changes with every generation» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Exam question 2 · Slang and how it changes with every generation

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which slang terms are frequently abandoned by younger speakers.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, younger speakers · **What happens:** identify, abandon · **To what, where:** principal reason, slang terms

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 17 «Slang and how it changes with every generation» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which slang terms are frequently abandoned by younger speakers.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	terms	term	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	amod	_	_
14	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **abandon** | present · passive | younger speakers | slang terms |  |  |  | for the principal reason; frequently *property* | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme subject=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their prohibition by national dictionaries after a fixed period

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e2:o1:1
# text = Their prohibition by national dictionaries after a fixed period
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dictionaries	dictionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **prohibit** |  | national dictionaries after a fixed period | Their *= they* |  |  |  |  | nom prohibition «communication transitive»: poss=patient by=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their replacement by official decree each year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e2:o2:1
# text = Their replacement by official decree each year
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	replacement	replacement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	decree	decree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** |  | official decree | Their *= they* |  |  |  |  | nom replacement «act transitive»: poss=patient by=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their physical deterioration through excessive use

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e2:o3:1
# text = Their physical deterioration through excessive use
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	deterioration	deterioration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deteriorate** |  | Their *= they* |  |  | excessive use |  |  | nom deterioration «state intransitive»: poss=agent through=place |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their adoption by older speakers diminishes their value as markers of a group

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:17-slang-and-how-it-changes-with-every-generation:e2:o4:1
# text = Their adoption by older speakers diminishes their value as markers of a group
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	diminishes	diminish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	markers	marker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** | present | Their adoption by older speakers | speakers's value |  |  |  | as markers of a group | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer value=Patient |
| 2 | **adopt** |  | older speakers | Their *= they* |  |  |  |  | nom adoption «act transitive»: poss=patient by=agent |
| 3 | **value** |  | speakers *= speaker* |  |  |  |  |  | nom value «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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