---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a di… — Accents and dialects of Britain and Ir… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a dialect? Exam question 1 of lesson 18 «Accents and dialects of Britain and Ireland» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Accents and dialects of Britain and Ireland

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a dialect?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** dialect

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 18 «Accents and dialects of Britain and Ireland» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a dialect?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a dialect |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A defective variety of a language employed by uneducated persons

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland:e1:o1:1
# text = A defective variety of a language employed by uneducated persons
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	defective	defective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	variety	variety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	uneducated	uneducated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | participle |  | a language *not said here* |  |  |  | by uneducated persons | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A language unrelated to any other spoken in the same country

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland:e1:o2:1
# text = A language unrelated to any other spoken in the same country
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	unrelated	unrelated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	fixed	_	_
7	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | a language *not said here* |  | the same country |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The manner of pronunciation only, without any lexical distinctions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland:e1:o3:1
# text = The manner of pronunciation only, without any lexical distinctions
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
9	lexical	lexical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	distinctions	distinction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A local variety of a language possessing distinct vocabulary and grammar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland:e1:o4:1
# text = A local variety of a language possessing distinct vocabulary and grammar
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	variety	variety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	possessing	possess	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	grammar	grammar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | gerund | a language *not said here* | distinct vocabulary and grammar |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot vocabulary=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Accents and dialects of Britain and Ir…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland/t11/)
- next →: [Accents and dialects of Britain and Ir…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Accents and dialects of Britain and Ireland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/18-accents-and-dialects-of-britain-and-ireland/)