--- title: Your cousin from Yorkshire says "Shakespeare made up every word, he'… — Where English came from · tree and pragmatics description: Your cousin from Yorkshire says "Shakespeare made up every word, he's mint." ("Mint" means great.) What's fairer? Test 8 · ★ of lesson 22 «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/22-where-english-came-from/t8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/) / [Where English came from](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/22-where-english-came-from/) / t8 # Test 8 · ★ · Where English came from Your cousin from Yorkshire says "Shakespeare made up every word, he's mint." ("Mint" means great.) What's fairer? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cousin, Mint · **What happens:** say, make up, be, mean · **To what, where:** word, mint · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 22 «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/22-where-english-came-from/#t8). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Your cousin from Yorkshire says "Shakespeare made up every word, he's mint." ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:22-where-english-came-from:t8:1 # text = Your cousin from Yorkshire says "Shakespeare made up every word, he's mint." 1 Your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 cousin cousin NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Yorkshire Yorkshire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 " " PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 Shakespeare Shakespeare PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 ccomp _ _ 9 up up ADP RP _ 8 compound:prt _ _ 10 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 11 det _ _ 11 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 15 mint mint NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 16 . . PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 17 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your cousin from Yorkshire | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **make up** *in a quote* | participle | | every word | | | | | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme word=Pivot | | 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | cousin | mint | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* ("Mint" means great.) ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:22-where-english-came-from:t8:2 # text = ("Mint" means great.) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 Mint mint NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 5 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 7 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Mint | | | | | great *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | *Sentence 3:* What's fairer? ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:22-where-english-came-from:t8:3 # text = What's fairer? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 3 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 fairer fair ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | | | | | | fair *property* | tree rules | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} He was very creative, but some of his "first" words were probably already spoken ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:22-where-english-came-from:t8:o1:1 # text = He was very creative, but some of his "first" words were probably already spoken 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 very very ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 creative creative ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 6 but but CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 7 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 17 nsubj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 9 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 13 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 13 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 14 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 15 probably probably ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 16 already already ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | He | | | | | creative *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · passive | | some | | | | probably *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **word** | | his *= he* | | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} Yes, he invented all English words ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:22-where-english-came-from:t8:o2:1 # text = Yes, he invented all English words 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 4 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 invented invent VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 7 det _ _ 6 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **invent** | past | he | all English words | | | | | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Result | ### Option 3 {#o3} Yes, and he invented the alphabet too ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:22-where-english-came-from:t8:o3:1 # text = Yes, and he invented the alphabet too 1 Yes yes INTJ UH Polarity=Pos 5 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 4 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 5 invented invent VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 alphabet alphabet NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 too too ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **invent** | past | he | the alphabet | | | | | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alphabet=Result | ### Option 4 {#o4} No, he never wrote any new words ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:22-where-english-came-from:t8:o4:1 # text = No, he never wrote any new words 1 No no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 5 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 4 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 5 wrote write VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 8 det _ _ 7 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **write** | past | he | any new words | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Where English came from, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/22-where-english-came-from/t7/) - next →: [Where English came from, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/22-where-english-came-from/t9/) - ↑ back to [Where English came from](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/22-where-english-came-from/)