---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the word "they"? Exam question 2 of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong
---

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# Exam question 2 · Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the word "they"?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** word

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the word "they"?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the word |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is of Latin origin and entered the language via the Church and its scholars

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:e2:o1:1
# text = It is of Latin origin and entered the language via the Church and its scholars
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	via	via	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of Latin origin | tree rules |
| 2 | **enter** | past |  | the language |  |  |  | via the Church and language's scholars | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme language=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has existed unchanged in English since prehistory

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:e2:o2:1
# text = It has existed unchanged in English since prehistory
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	existed	exist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	unchanged	unchang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	since	since	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	prehistory	prehistory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **unchang** | present · perfect · passive |  | It |  | English | since prehistory |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was borrowed from Old Norse, the language of the Viking settlers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:e2:o3:1
# text = It was borrowed from Old Norse, the language of the Viking settlers
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Norse	Norse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Viking	viking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | past · passive |  | It |  | Old Norse |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from norse=Source |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was introduced by the Normans in 1066 together with words for law and food

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:e2:o4:1
# text = It was introduced by the Normans in 1066 together with words for law and food
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Normans	Norman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1066	1066	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | past · passive | the Normans | It |  | 1066 |  | with words for law and food | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent subject=Patient with word=Instrument |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/e1/)
- next →: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/)