---
title: What would happen if no French words had entered English? — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics
description: What would happen if no French words had entered English? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What would happen if no French words had entered English?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** happen, enter · **To what, where:** French words

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/#t4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t4:1
# text = What would happen if no French words had entered English?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
6	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	entered	enter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
10	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | would |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **enter** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · perfect · passive |  | no French words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English would have no words for any kind of food at all, not even "bread"

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t4:o1:1
# text = English would have no words for any kind of food at all, not even "bread"
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | would | English | no words |  |  |  | for any kind of food at all; bread *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Words like "beef", "menu" and "chef" would be missing

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t4:o2:1
# text = Words like "beef", "menu" and "chef" would be missing
1	Words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	beef	beef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	menu	menu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
16	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | would | Words like beef and menu and chef |  |  |  |  | missing *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English would be Latin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t4:o3:1
# text = English would be Latin
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | would | English |  |  |  |  | latin *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English would sound exactly the same, because French gave it nothing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t4:o4:1
# text = English would sound exactly the same, because French gave it nothing
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | would | English |  |  |  |  | same *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **give** | past | French | it |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient nothing=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/t3/)
- next →: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/t5/)
- ↑ back to [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/)