---
title: Which of these is a clipping, like "bus" from "omnibus"? — Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of these is a clipping, like "bus" from "omnibus"? Test 9 · ★ of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 9 · ★ · Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of these is a clipping, like "bus" from "omnibus"?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** omnibus

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/#t9).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t9:1
# text = Which of these is a clipping, like "bus" from "omnibus"?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	clipping	clipping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	omnibus	omnibus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | omnibus |  | of a clipping | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Window from vindauga

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t9:o1:1
# text = Window from vindauga
1	Window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	vindauga	vindauga	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Phone from telephone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t9:o2:1
# text = Phone from telephone
1	Phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	telephone	telephone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sky from Old Norse

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t9:o3:1
# text = Sky from Old Norse
1	Sky	sky	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Norse	Norse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sky** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | Old Norse |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beef from bœuf

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin:t9:o4:1
# text = Beef from bœuf
1	Beef	beef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	bœuf	bœuf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- next →: [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/t10/)
- ↑ back to [Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/)