---
title: Your cousin says "zero was invented in Europe, obvs." What's true? — Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, A… · tree and pragmatics
description: Your cousin says "zero was invented in Europe, obvs." What's true? Test 2 of lesson 24 «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

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# Test 2 · Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukra…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your cousin says "zero was invented in Europe, obvs." What's true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cousin · **What happens:** say, invent, be · **To what, where:** zero, Europe · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 24 «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your cousin says "zero was invented in Europe, obvs."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:24-borrowed-words-from-far-away:t2:1
# text = Your cousin says "zero was invented in Europe, obvs."
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	zero	zero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	obvs	obv	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **invent** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | zero |  | Europe and obvs |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:24-borrowed-words-from-far-away:t2:2
# text = What's true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The idea came from India and its name came through Arabic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:24-borrowed-words-from-far-away:t2:o1:1
# text = The idea came from India and its name came through Arabic
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the idea |  |  | India |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from india=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **come** | past | idea's name |  |  | Arabic |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through arabic=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **name** |  | idea |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It came from Ukraine in 1900

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:24-borrowed-words-from-far-away:t2:o2:1
# text = It came from Ukraine in 1900
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1900	1900	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | It |  |  | Ukraine |  | in 1900 | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from ukraine=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It came from Japan

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:24-borrowed-words-from-far-away:t2:o3:1
# text = It came from Japan
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | It |  |  | Japan |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from japan=Initial\_Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She's right, it came from Rome, along with the Roman numerals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:24-borrowed-words-from-far-away:t2:o4:1
# text = She's right, it came from Rome, along with the Roman numerals
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	along	along	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | it |  |  | Rome |  | along the Roman numerals | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from rome=Initial\_Location along numeral=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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