--- title: Identify the principal significance of a letter written by Lord Fish… — Texting, abbreviations and emoji · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal significance of a letter written by Lord Fisher in 1917 containing "O.M.G.". Exam question 2 of lesson 30 «Texting, abbreviations and emoji» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/) / [Texting, abbreviations and emoji](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Texting, abbreviations and emoji Identify the principal significance of a letter written by Lord Fisher in 1917 containing "O.M.G.". **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, write, contain · **To what, where:** principal significance, letter, O.M.G, 1917 This is exam question 2 of lesson 30 «Texting, abbreviations and emoji» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji:e2:1 # text = Identify the principal significance of a letter written by Lord Fisher in 1917 containing "O.M.G.". 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 significance significance NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 letter letter NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 by by ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 11 Fisher Fisher PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 flat _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 1917 1917 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 obl _ _ 14 containing contain VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 1 advcl _ _ 15 " " PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 O.M.G O.M.G PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 17 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 " " PUNCT '' _ 16 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 19 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal significance of a letter | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent significance=Theme | | 2 | **write** | participle | | a letter *not said here* | | | | by Lord | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **contain** | gerund | you *not said here* | O.M.G | | 1917 | | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent o.m.g=Value in 1917=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} It establishes that abbreviations were then prohibited ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji:e2:o1:1 # text = It establishes that abbreviations were then prohibited 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 establishes establish VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 that that SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 4 abbreviations abbreviation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 6 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 7 advmod _ _ 7 prohibited prohibit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 ccomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **establish** | present | It | | | | | | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic | | 2 | **prohibit** | past · passive | | abbreviations | | | then | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} It proves that Churchill devised text messaging ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji:e2:o2:1 # text = It proves that Churchill devised text messaging 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 proves prove VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 that that SCONJ IN _ 5 mark _ _ 4 Churchill Churchill PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 devised devise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 6 text text NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 messaging messaging NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **prove** | present | It | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **devise** | past | Churchill | text messaging | | | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messaging=Patient | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} It demonstrates that such abbreviations predate mobile telephones ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji:e2:o3:1 # text = It demonstrates that such abbreviations predate mobile telephones 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 demonstrates demonstrate VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 that that SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 4 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 abbreviations abbreviation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 predate predate VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 7 mobile mobile ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 telephones telephone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **demonstrate** | present | It | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **predate** | present | such abbreviations | mobile telephones | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme telephone=Co-Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} It constitutes the earliest evidence for the invention of the mobile telephone ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji:e2:o4:1 # text = It constitutes the earliest evidence for the invention of the mobile telephone 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 constitutes constitute VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 earliest early ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 5 amod _ _ 5 evidence evidence NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 for for ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 invention invention NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 mobile mobile ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 telephone telephone NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **constitute** | present | It | the earliest evidence | | | | for the invention of the mobile telephone | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme evidence=Pivot | | 2 | **invent** | | | the mobile telephone | | | | | nom invention «cognition transitive»: of=patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Texting, abbreviations and emoji, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/e1/) - next →: [Texting, abbreviations and emoji, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/e3/) - ↑ back to [Texting, abbreviations and emoji](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/30-texting-abbreviations-and-emoji/)