---
title: In respect of a child who says "I runned", select the response consi… — How babies learn to talk · tree and pragmatics
description: In respect of a child who says "I runned", select the response consistent with the established facts. Exam question 3 of lesson 31 «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 3 · How babies learn to talk

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In respect of a child who says "I runned", select the response consistent with the established facts.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** child, you · **What happens:** say, runn, select, establish, respect · **To what, where:** response, respect, child · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 31 «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:e3:1
# text = In respect of a child who says "I runned", select the response consistent with the established facts.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	runned	runn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a child |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **runn** *in a quote* | past | a child *= child* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  | respect of a child |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 4 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **respect** |  |  | a child |  |  |  |  | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The child should be prevented from speaking until corrected

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:e3:o1:1
# text = The child should be prevented from speaking until corrected
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	prevented	prevent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	corrected	correct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | should · passive |  | the child |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **correct** *speech: disagree* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The child is applying a general rule to an irregular verb, a normal stage of development

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:e3:o2:1
# text = The child is applying a general rule to an irregular verb, a normal stage of development
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	applying	apply	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	irregular	irregular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **apply** | present · progressive | the child | a general rule |  |  |  | to a irregular verb; a normal stage of development *obl* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The child is suffering from a disorder of speech requiring immediate professional treatment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:e3:o3:1
# text = The child is suffering from a disorder of speech requiring immediate professional treatment
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	suffering	suffer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	disorder	disorder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	requiring	require	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	immediate	immediate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	professional	professional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | present · progressive | the child |  |  | a disorder of speech |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **require** | gerund | speech *not said here* | immediate professional treatment |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme treatment=Precondition |
| 3 | **disorder** |  |  | speech |  |  |  |  | nom disorder «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The child has acquired the form from adult speech

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:e3:o4:1
# text = The child has acquired the form from adult speech
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acquire** | present · perfect · passive |  | the child |  | adult speech |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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