--- title: Your cousin from Dublin says "the wee one's mixin' Irish and English… — How babies learn to talk · tree and pragmatics description: Your cousin from Dublin says "the wee one's mixin' Irish and English, she's all mixed up, the craic." ("Wee" means little, "the craic" here means it's fun.) What's true? Test 6 · ★ of lesson 31 «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/t6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/) / [How babies learn to talk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/) / t6 # Test 6 · ★ · How babies learn to talk Your cousin from Dublin says "the wee one's mixin' Irish and English, she's all mixed up, the craic." ("Wee" means little, "the craic" here means it's fun.) What's true? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cousin, Irish English, Wee, craic · **What happens:** say, mix up, mean, be · **To what, where:** cousin, little · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 31 «How babies learn to talk» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/#t6). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Your cousin from Dublin says "the wee one's mixin' Irish and English, she's all mixed up, the craic." ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:t6:1 # text = Your cousin from Dublin says "the wee one's mixin' Irish and English, she's all mixed up, the craic." 1 Your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 cousin cousin NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Dublin Dublin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 wee wee ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 10 's 's PART POS _ 9 case _ _ 11 mixin mixin NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 13 Irish Irish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 18 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 all all ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 mixed mix VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 acl:relcl _ _ 21 up up ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 craic craic NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 25 . . PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 26 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your cousin from Dublin | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **mix up** *in a quote* | present · passive | Irish English and the craic *not said here* | cousin | | | | all *property* | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* ("Wee" means little, "the craic" here means it's fun.) ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:t6:2 # text = ("Wee" means little, "the craic" here means it's fun.) 1 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 2 " " PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 3 Wee wee NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 " " PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ 5 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 8 " " PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 craic craic NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ 12 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 13 advmod _ _ 13 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 15 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 16 fun fun ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 17 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Wee | little | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent little=Topic | | 2 | **mean** | present | the craic | | | here | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | present | craic | | | | | fun *property* | tree rules | *Sentence 3:* What's true? ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:t6:3 # text = What's true? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 3 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | | | | | | true *property* | tree rules | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} Mixing languages is a normal step for children with two languages ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:t6:o1:1 # text = Mixing languages is a normal step for children with two languages 1 Mixing mix VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 csubj _ _ 2 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 normal normal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 for for ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 11 languages language NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mix** | gerund | | languages | | | | | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient | | 2 | **is a** | present | Mixing | a normal step | | | | for children; with two languages | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} She will never learn either language ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:t6:o2:1 # text = She will never learn either language 1 She she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 learn learn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 either either CCONJ CC _ 6 cc:preconj _ _ 6 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **learn** | future | She | language | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Topic | ### Option 3 {#o3} She is badly confused ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:t6:o3:1 # text = She is badly confused 1 She she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 badly badly ADV RB Degree=Pos 4 advmod _ _ 4 confused confused ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | She | | | | | badly, confused *property* | tree rules | ### Option 4 {#o4} She should stop one language ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:31-how-babies-learn-to-talk:t6:o4:1 # text = She should stop one language 1 She she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 stop stop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 4 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 5 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stop** | should | She | one language | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector language=Eventuality | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [How babies learn to talk, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/t5/) - next →: [How babies learn to talk, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/t7/) - ↑ back to [How babies learn to talk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/31-how-babies-learn-to-talk/)