---
title: Identify the meaning of the Ukrainian sentence "Кота бачить собака". — Ukrainian compared with English · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the meaning of the Ukrainian sentence "Кота бачить собака". Exam question 2 of lesson 33 «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Ukrainian compared with English

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the meaning of the Ukrainian sentence "Кота бачить собака".

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, Кота · **What happens:** identify, бачить, mean · **To what, where:** meaning, собака, Ukrainian sentence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 33 «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:e2:1
# text = Identify the meaning of the Ukrainian sentence "Кота бачить собака".
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Кота	Кота	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	бачить	бачить	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	собака	собака	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the meaning of the Ukrainian sentence |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent meaning=Theme |
| 2 | **бачить** *in a quote* | past | Кота | собака |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** |  |  | the Ukrainian sentence |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat sees the dog

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:e2:o1:1
# text = The cat sees the dog
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | the cat | the dog |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dog=Stimulus |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat and the dog see each other

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:e2:o2:1
# text = The cat and the dog see each other
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	6	obj	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	fixed	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | infinitive | the cat and the dog | each |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer each=Stimulus |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog sees the cat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:e2:o3:1
# text = The dog sees the cat
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | the dog | the cat |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cat=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog does not see the cat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:e2:o4:1
# text = The dog does not see the cat
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | present · do-support | the dog | the cat |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cat=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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