---
title: Your English friend says "English has no cases at all, mate." What's… — Ukrainian compared with English · tree and pragmatics
description: Your English friend says "English has no cases at all, mate." What's a fair reply? Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 33 «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · ★★ · Ukrainian compared with English

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your English friend says "English has no cases at all, mate." What's a fair reply?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** English friend, English · **What happens:** say, have, be · **To what, where:** cases, all, fair reply · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 33 «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/#t11).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your English friend says "English has no cases at all, mate."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:t11:1
# text = Your English friend says "English has no cases at all, mate."
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your English friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | English | no cases and mate |  | all |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's a fair reply?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:t11:2
# text = What's a fair reply?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a fair reply |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mostly true, but pronouns like he, him and his still change

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:t11:o1:1
# text = Mostly true, but pronouns like he, him and his still change
1	Mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pronouns	pronoun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	still	still	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom change «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English has more cases than Ukrainian

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:t11:o2:1
# text = English has more cases than Ukrainian
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | English | more cases |  |  |  | than Ukrainian | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
English has seven cases like Ukrainian

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:t11:o3:1
# text = English has seven cases like Ukrainian
1	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | English | seven cases |  |  |  | like Ukrainian | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Totally true, English never changes the ending of any word at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:33-ukrainian-compared-with-english:t11:o4:1
# text = Totally true, English never changes the ending of any word at all
1	Totally	totally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ending	ending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **change** | present | English | the ending of any word |  | all |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Patient |
| 2 | **end** |  |  | any word |  |  |  |  | nom ending «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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