---
title: Your grandad, a big fan of old films, says "Bully for you!" when you… — Words that changed their meaning · tree and pragmatics
description: Your grandad, a big fan of old films, says "Bully for you!" when you win a race. What does he mean? Test 8 of lesson 38 «Words that changed their meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wr
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/t8/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/) / [Words that changed their meaning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/) / t8

# Test 8 · Words that changed their meaning

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your grandad, a big fan of old films, says "Bully for you!" when you win a race. What does he mean?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** grandad, you, fan · **What happens:** say, win, mean · **To what, where:** Bully, race · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 38 «Words that changed their meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your grandad, a big fan of old films, says "Bully for you!" when you win a race.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:38-words-that-changed-their-meaning:t8:1
# text = Your grandad, a big fan of old films, says "Bully for you!" when you win a race.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fan	fan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	films	film	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
11	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Bully	bully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
18	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	win	win	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your grandad and a big fan of old films | Bully |  |  |  | for you | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent bully=Topic |
| 2 | **win** | present | you | a race |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does he mean?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:38-words-that-changed-their-meaning:t8:2
# text = What does he mean?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present · do-support | fan |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You should fight the other runners

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:38-words-that-changed-their-meaning:t8:o1:1
# text = You should fight the other runners
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | should | You | the other runners |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent runner=Co-Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Well done (an old phrase keeping the good sense of "bully")

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:38-words-that-changed-their-meaning:t8:o2:1
# text = Well done (an old phrase keeping the good sense of "bully")
1	Well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	bully	bully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **keep** | gerund | a old phrase *not said here* | the good sense of bully |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sense=Theme |
| 3 | **sense** |  |  | bully |  |  |  |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You're as strong as a bull

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:38-words-that-changed-their-meaning:t8:o3:1
# text = You're as strong as a bull
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	as	as	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | You |  |  |  |  | as a bull; strong *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You pushed the others like a bully and he's cross with you

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:38-words-that-changed-their-meaning:t8:o4:1
# text = You pushed the others like a bully and he's cross with you
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bully	bully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	cross	cross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | past | You | the others |  |  |  | like a bully | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | he |  |  |  |  | with you; cross *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Words that changed their meaning, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/t7/)
- next →: [Words that changed their meaning, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/t9/)
- ↑ back to [Words that changed their meaning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/38-words-that-changed-their-meaning/)