---
title: In respect of the word "friendly" in the phrase "a friendly dog", wh… — Adjectives and adverbs: describing thi… · tree and pragmatics
description: In respect of the word "friendly" in the phrase "a friendly dog", which statement is consistent with the established facts? Exam question 4 of lesson 4 «Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In respect of the word "friendly" in the phrase "a friendly dog", which statement is consistent with the established facts?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** statement · **What happens:** be, establish, respect · **To what, where:** word

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 4 «Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/4-adjectives-and-adverbs/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:4-adjectives-and-adverbs:e4:1
# text = In respect of the word "friendly" in the phrase "a friendly dog", which statement is consistent with the established facts?
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	phrase	phrase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	19	det	_	_
19	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	parataxis	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	amod	_	_
25	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which statement |  |  |  |  | with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **respect** |  |  | the word and a friendly dog |  |  |  |  | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a noun denoting the dog

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:4-adjectives-and-adverbs:e4:o1:1
# text = It is a noun denoting the dog
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	denoting	denote	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a noun |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **denote** | gerund | a noun *not said here* | the dog |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot dog=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a verb describing the action of the dog

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:4-adjectives-and-adverbs:e4:o2:1
# text = It is a verb describing the action of the dog
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	describing	describe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a verb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **describe** | gerund | a verb *not said here* | the action of the dog |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent action=Theme |
| 3 | **act** |  | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is an adjective, notwithstanding its termination in -ly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:4-adjectives-and-adverbs:e4:o3:1
# text = It is an adjective, notwithstanding its termination in -ly
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	termination	termination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	ly	ly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a adjective |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **notwithstand** | gerund | a adjective *not said here* | adjective's termination |  | ly |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is an adverb, by reason of its termination in -ly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:4-adjectives-and-adverbs:e4:o4:1
# text = It is an adverb, by reason of its termination in -ly
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	adverb	adverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	termination	termination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	ly	ly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a adverb and reason of reason's termination in ly |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Adjectives and adverbs: describing thi…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/4-adjectives-and-adverbs/e3/)
- next →: [Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Adjectives and adverbs: describing things and actions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/4-adjectives-and-adverbs/)