--- title: ★★ Your friend says «a leopard can't change its spots» about a boy w… — Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved»,… · tree and pragmatics description: ★★ Your friend says «a leopard can't change its spots» about a boy who keeps cheating. What does she mean? Test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 42 «Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved», the 'Stute Fish, «Humph!» and the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo/t7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/) / [Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved»,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo/) / t7 # Test 7 · ★★★ · Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved», the 'Stute Fish, «Hu… ★★ Your friend says «a leopard can't change its spots» about a boy who keeps cheating. What does she mean? **Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** ★, leopard, boy · **What happens:** say, not change, keep, cheat, mean · **To what, where:** spots · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 7 · ★★★ of lesson 42 «Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved», the 'Stute Fish, «Humph!» and the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo/#t7). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* ★★ Your friend says «a leopard can't change its spots» about a boy who keeps cheating. ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo:t7:1 # text = ★★ Your friend says «a leopard can't change its spots» about a boy who keeps cheating. 1 ★ ★ PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 ★ ★ ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 Your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 5 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 « « PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 leopard leopard NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 9 ca can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 10 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 11 change change VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 ccomp _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 » » PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 15 about about ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 18 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 19 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 20 cheating cheat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 21 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | ★ ★ Your friend | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **not** **change** *in a quote* | can | a leopard | leopard's spots | | | | about a boy | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient | | 3 | **keep** | present | a boy | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **cheat** | gerund | a boy *not said here* | | | | | | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* What does she mean? ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo:t7:2 # text = What does she mean? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 4 obj _ _ 2 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 mean mean VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 5 ? ? PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present · do-support | ★ | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} The boy has spots and needs a doctor ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo:t7:o1:1 # text = The boy has spots and needs a doctor 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 needs need VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 doctor doctor NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the boy | spots | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient | | 2 | **need** | present | the boy *not said here* | a doctor | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot doctor=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} The boy likes leopards ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo:t7:o2:1 # text = The boy likes leopards 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 likes like VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 leopards leopard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **like** | present | the boy | leopards | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot leopard=Theme | ### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3} Leopards really can change their spots if they try ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo:t7:o3:1 # text = Leopards really can change their spots if they try 1 Leopards leopard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 really really ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 3 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 change change VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 spots spot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 if if SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 try try VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | can | Leopards | Leopards's spots | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient | | 2 | **try** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | Leopards *= leopard* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} People don't easily change what they are really like ```conllu # sent_id = question:language:42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo:t7:o4:1 # text = People don't easily change what they are really like 1 People people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 3 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 4 easily easily ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 change change VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 5 obj _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 9 really really ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 10 like like INTJ UH _ 5 discourse _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **change** | present · do-support | People | | | | | easily *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | present | People | | | | | | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved»,…, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo/t6/) - next →: [Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved»,…, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo/t8/) - ↑ back to [Kipling's word games: «Best Beloved», the 'Stute Fish, «Humph!» and the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/42-kipling-s-word-games-best-beloved-stute-fish-humph-and-the-great-grey-green-greasy-limpopo/)