---
title: Identify the principal reason for the emergence of dialect forms suc… — Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for the emergence of dialect forms such as "youse" and "y'all". Exam question 3 of lesson 5 «Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Exam question 3 · Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for the emergence of dialect forms such as "youse" and "y'all".

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, dialect forms · **What happens:** identify, emerge · **To what, where:** principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 5 «Pronouns: I, me, you, they and who» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who:e3:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for the emergence of dialect forms such as "youse" and "y'all".
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	emergence	emergence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	youse	youse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	y'all	y'all	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  | for the emergence of dialect forms such youse and y'all | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **emerge** |  | dialect forms such youse and y'all |  |  |  |  |  | nom emergence «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Standard English possesses no distinct plural form of the second-person pronoun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who:e3:o1:1
# text = Standard English possesses no distinct plural form of the second-person pronoun
1	Standard	Standard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
5	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	plural	plural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	pronoun	pronoun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** | present | Standard | no distinct plural form of the person pronoun |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot form=Theme |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | the person pronoun |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speakers of those dialects are unacquainted with the word "you"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who:e3:o2:1
# text = Speakers of those dialects are unacquainted with the word "you"
1	Speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	dialects	dialect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	unacquainted	unacquainted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Speakers of that dialects |  |  |  |  | with the word  you; unacquainted *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such forms derive from errors in printed dictionaries

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who:e3:o3:1
# text = Such forms derive from errors in printed dictionaries
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	derive	derive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	errors	error	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	dictionaries	dictionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **derive** | present | Such forms |  |  | errors |  | in printed dictionaries | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dictionary=Location |
| 2 | **print** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such forms were imposed by the authorities of those regions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:5-pronouns-i-me-you-they-and-who:e3:o4:1
# text = Such forms were imposed by the authorities of those regions
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	imposed	impose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **impose** | past · passive | the authorities of that regions | Such forms |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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