---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an i… — Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an irregular verb? Exam question 1 of lesson 9 «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c
---

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# Exam question 1 · Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an irregular verb?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** irregular verb

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 9 «Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an irregular verb?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	irregular	irregular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a irregular verb |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A verb lacking any past form

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes:e1:o1:1
# text = A verb lacking any past form
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	lacking	lack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
5	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lack** | gerund | a verb *not said here* | any past form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A verb confined to interrogative sentences

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes:e1:o2:1
# text = A verb confined to interrogative sentences
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	interrogative	interrogative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | participle |  | a verb *not said here* |  | interrogative sentences |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to sentence=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A verb employed only in formal registers and official writing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes:e1:o3:1
# text = A verb employed only in formal registers and official writing
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	registers	register	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | participle |  | a verb *not said here* |  | formal registers and official writing |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A verb whose past forms are not made by adding "-ed"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:language:9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes:e1:o4:1
# text = A verb whose past forms are not made by adding "-ed"
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	ed	ed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make** | present · passive |  | a verb |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | ed |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ed=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/t11/)
- next →: [Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Irregular verbs: goed, brung and other brave mistakes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/9-irregular-verbs-goed-brung-and-brave-mistakes/)