--- title: Identify the investigation which most reliably establishes whether a… — Snap! Breaking a bone · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the investigation which most reliably establishes whether a bone has been fractured. Exam question 1 of lesson 1 «Snap! Breaking a bone» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/1-snap-breaking-a-bone/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Medicine](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/) / [Snap! Breaking a bone](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/1-snap-breaking-a-bone/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Snap! Breaking a bone Identify the investigation which most reliably establishes whether a bone has been fractured. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, establish, fracture · **To what, where:** investigation, bone This is exam question 1 of lesson 1 «Snap! Breaking a bone» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/1-snap-breaking-a-bone/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e1:1 # text = Identify the investigation which most reliably establishes whether a bone has been fractured. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 investigation investigation NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 obj _ _ 5 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 6 advmod _ _ 6 reliably reliably ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 establishes establish VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 8 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 fractured fracture VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the investigation | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent investigation=Theme | | 2 | **establish** | present | | the investigation | | | | reliably *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient | | 3 | **fracture** | present · perfect · passive | | a bone | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} Auditory detection of a cracking sound ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e1:o1:1 # text = Auditory detection of a cracking sound 1 Auditory auditory NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 detection detection NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 cracking crack VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 amod _ _ 6 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **crack** | gerund | | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **detect** | | | a cracking sound | | | | | nom detection «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 2 {#o2} Manipulation of the affected limb by the patient ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e1:o2:1 # text = Manipulation of the affected limb by the patient 1 Manipulation manipulation NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 affected affect VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 amod _ _ 5 limb limb NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 patient patient NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **affect** | participle | | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **manipulate** | | the patient | the affected limb | | | | | nom manipulation «act transitive»: of=patient by=agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} Observation of bruising over the site ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e1:o3:1 # text = Observation of bruising over the site 1 Observation observation NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 of of SCONJ IN _ 3 mark _ _ 3 bruising bruise VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 1 acl _ _ 4 over over ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 site site NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bruise** | gerund | Observation *not said here* | | | the site | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} Radiographic imaging, commonly termed an X-ray ```conllu # sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e1:o4:1 # text = Radiographic imaging, commonly termed an X-ray 1 Radiographic Radiographic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 imaging image VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 4 commonly commonly ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 termed term VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 xcomp _ _ 6 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 7 X x NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 9 ray ray NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **image** | gerund | Radiographic | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **term** | participle | Radiographic *not said here* | a X ray | | | | commonly *property* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Snap! Breaking a bone, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/1-snap-breaking-a-bone/t11/) - next →: [Snap! Breaking a bone, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/1-snap-breaking-a-bone/e2/) - ↑ back to [Snap! Breaking a bone](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/1-snap-breaking-a-bone/)