---
title: It is given that a child's fractured forearm has become displaced. S… — Snap! Breaking a bone · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a child's fractured forearm has become displaced. State the principal reason for which the fracture is reduced. Exam question 2 of lesson 1 «Snap! Breaking a bone» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each op
---

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# Exam question 2 · Snap! Breaking a bone

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a child's fractured forearm has become displaced. State the principal reason for which the fracture is reduced.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** fractured forearm · **What happens:** give, fracture, become, displace, reduce · **To what, where:** It, fracture

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 1 «Snap! Breaking a bone» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/1-snap-breaking-a-bone/#e2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a child's fractured forearm has become displaced.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e2:1
# text = It is given that a child's fractured forearm has become displaced.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	fractured	fracture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	forearm	forearm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
12	displaced	displace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **fracture** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **become** | present · perfect | a child's fractured forearm |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **displace** | participle | a child's fractured forearm *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* State the principal reason for which the fracture is reduced.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e2:2
# text = State the principal reason for which the fracture is reduced.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fracture	fracture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | present · passive |  | the fracture |  |  |  | for the State principal reason | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bone unites in whatever position it is held

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e2:o1:1
# text = Bone unites in whatever position it is held
1	Bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	unites	unite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	whatever	whatever	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	5	det	_	_
5	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present · passive | whatever position *not said here* | position |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reduction prevents all subsequent swelling

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e2:o2:1
# text = Reduction prevents all subsequent swelling
1	Reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prevents	prevent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
4	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | present | Reduction | all subsequent swelling |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer swelling=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reduction is required prior to any radiograph

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e2:o3:1
# text = Reduction is required prior to any radiograph
1	Reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	radiograph	radiograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive |  | Reduction |  |  |  | prior any radiograph | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reduction accelerates healing to a matter of days

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:1-snap-breaking-a-bone:e2:o4:1
# text = Reduction accelerates healing to a matter of days
1	Reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	accelerates	accelerate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	healing	heal	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accelerate** | present | Reduction |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **heal** | gerund | Reduction *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to a matter of days | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **matter** |  | days |  |  |  |  |  | nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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