---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sp… — Sprains, strains and bruises · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sprain? Exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Sprains, strains and bruises

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sprain?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** sprain

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Sprains, strains and bruises» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:3-sprains-strains-and-bruises:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sprain?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sprain	sprain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a sprain |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An injury confined to the fibres of a muscle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:3-sprains-strains-and-bruises:e1:o1:1
# text = An injury confined to the fibres of a muscle
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fibres	fibre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	muscle	muscle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | participle |  | a injury *not said here* |  | the fibres of a muscle |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to fibre=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A collection of blood beneath the skin following a blow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:3-sprains-strains-and-bruises:e1:o2:1
# text = A collection of blood beneath the skin following a blow
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	collection	collection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund | a collection of blood beneath the skin *not said here* | a blow |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blow=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An injury in which the ligaments of a joint are stretched or partially torn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:3-sprains-strains-and-bruises:e1:o3:1
# text = An injury in which the ligaments of a joint are stretched or partially torn
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ligaments	ligament	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	partially	partially	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | present · passive |  | the ligaments of a joint |  |  |  | in a injury | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: subject=Patient in which=Topic |
| 2 | **tear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | partially *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fracture of the bone adjacent to a joint, with no injury to soft tissue

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:3-sprains-strains-and-bruises:e1:o4:1
# text = A fracture of the bone adjacent to a joint, with no injury to soft tissue
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fracture	fracture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	tissue	tissue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fracture** |  |  | the bone |  |  |  |  | nom fracture «state transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Sprains, strains and bruises, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/3-sprains-strains-and-bruises/t11/)
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