---
title: Ascertain the scientists credited with demonstrating, in the ninetee… — Germs, the immune system and hand-wash… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the scientists credited with demonstrating, in the nineteenth century, that micro-organisms cause infectious disease. Exam question 3 of lesson 30 «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Exam question 3 · Germs, the immune system and hand-washing

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the scientists credited with demonstrating, in the nineteenth century, that micro-organisms cause infectious disease.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, scientists, micro-organisms · **What happens:** ascertain, credit, demonstrate, cause · **To what, where:** infectious disease

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 30 «Germs, the immune system and hand-washing» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:e3:1
# text = Ascertain the scientists credited with demonstrating, in the nineteenth century, that micro-organisms cause infectious disease.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	credited	credit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	micro-organisms	micro-organism	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
16	infectious	infectious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **credit** | past | the scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **demonstrate** | gerund | the scientists *not said here* |  |  |  | century |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cause** | present | that micro-organisms | infectious disease |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Edward Jenner and Joseph Priestley

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:e3:o1:1
# text = Edward Jenner and Joseph Priestley
1	Edward	Edward	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Jenner	Jenner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	Priestley	Priestley	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:e3:o2:1
# text = Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch
1	Louis	Louis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Pasteur	Pasteur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Robert	Robert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	Koch	Koch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:e3:o3:1
# text = Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke
1	Isaac	Isaac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Newton	Newton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Robert	Robert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	Hooke	Hooke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey

```conllu
# sent_id = question:medicine:30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing:e3:o4:1
# text = Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey
1	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Howard	Howard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	Florey	Florey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- next →: [Germs, the immune system and hand-wash…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Germs, the immune system and hand-washing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/medicine/30-germs-the-immune-system-and-hand-washing/)